FACTORES DE RIESGO PARA TROMBOEMBOLISMO VENOSO
Anderson F., 6 Spencer F. Circulation 2003; 107: I-9 - I-16
"Factors sufficient by themselves to prompt physicians to consider VTE prophylaxis include major surgery, multiple trauma, hip fracture, or lower extremity paralysis because of spinal cord injury. Additional risk factors, such as previous VTE, increasing age, cardiac or respiratory failure, prolonged immobility, presence of central venous lines, estrogens, and a wide variety of inherited and acquired hematological conditions contribute to an increased risk for VTE. These predisposing factors are seldom sufficient by themselves to justify the use of prophylaxis. Nevertheless, individual risk factors, or combinations thereof, can have important implications for the type and duration of appropriate prophylaxis and should be carefully reviewed to assess the overall risk of VTE in each patient."
Table 2
Strong risk factors (odds ratio 10): Fracture (hip or leg) - Hip or knee replacement - Major general surgery- Major trauma - Spinal cord injury
Moderate risk factors (odds ratio 2–9): Arthroscopic knee surgery - Central venous lines - Chemotherapy - Congestive heart or respiratory failure - Hormone replacement therapy - Malignancy - Oral contraceptive therapy - Paralytic stroke - Pregnancy/, postpartum - Previous venous thromboembolism - Thrombophilia
Weak risk factors (odds ratio 2): Bed rest 3 days - Immobility due to sitting (e.g. prolonged car or air travel) - Increasing age - Laparoscopic surgery (e.g. cholecystectomy) - Obesity - Pregnancy/, antepartum - Varicose veins
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Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Mortality in Acutely Ill Medical Patients